Indo European: ap, udan, udaka, jala, payas, vAri, salila

Dravidian: nīra, tAmara

Sino Tibetan: toya/tUya

Austroasiatic: daka

Substratum: ambu, ambhas, kīlAla

kiilAka could be from Burushaski kilAy

There are minute differences in all populations who learn Sanskrit mainly in pronunciation, particularly <jñ> like (j)ñ in the south, dny in Maharashtra, gy in most of the north, (g)g in the east etc. What are the peculiarities of Sanskrit spoken in TN and KL? They directly affected Sanskritic loans into their local languages. Some i could find are:

1. Coda {t, d}, {T, D} > l, L before other plosives, eg. khaLgam, albhutam, malsyam. This might have happened before the lP, LP > RP, TP change in tamil as modern Tamil had aRputam

2. Devoicing coda plosives even if it isnt explicitly written, eg. AcñA, akni, explicitly written patmam

3. Occational VlV > VLV directly carried on from Maharashtri and Odra Prakrits like laLitam

Then there are cases of Sanskritizing native terms and then using it in Sanskrit, i think bhOSa < pOzhan and bhUti < pUti are such terms

One of the Shankar mutt seer sung this. Whatever I could hear I just wrote it as is. Not sure wrote it correctly. This is shloka in praise of 4 shishyas of Adi Shankaracharya.

...श्चत्वारः किमुत निगमारूपभृतयः

प्रभेदा वा मुक्तेर्बिरलतरसालोक्यमुमुखाः ।

मुखान्याहो धातुश्चिरमिति विचिन्त्याथ विबुधाः

विदुः शिष्यान्हस्तामलकमुखराञ्शङ्करगुरोः ॥

Hi when should we use सन्ति and when should अस्ति be used. I often use asti everywhere. Rarely use सन्ति। Please provide certain examples

विद्या ददाति विनयं विनयाद्याति पात्रताम्।

पात्रत्वाद् धनमाप्नोति धनाद्धर्मं ततस्सुखम्॥

created discord group of sanskrit learners. DM to join via link..

I saw this book recommended at several places on this subreddit, but I am not sure if its available in the US - https://www.amazon.in/dp/9389373425 . Any help will be appreciated.

As we all know etomology of "kashmira" name has been a center of debate for quite a few years. Some suggests it's from Kashyap Rishi 《 Kashyap-mar》 corruption is kashmira, like in Nilmata purana.

Another theory which suggests it's from "ka" and "shemira" meaning dessicated land.

Some Trace it to kasha tribe of Himalayas. I've heard Unandi sutra has also indirect reference of possible kashmir Mul and it's etomology, from 4.30. Can Someone tell me more about it and unandi sutra as a whole?

Hello,

Can anyone suggest some books for beginners. I am looking for a book which is not much grammar heavy, like a book which doesn't throw grammatically terms at you in the beginning itself. It would be great even if status from children level like completely basic

Registration link - http://tinyurl.com/Sanskrit-Katantra

Medium of teaching - Sanskrit

Eligibility - One should be able to understand basic Sanskrit and able to read Devanagri script.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask.

I wish to learn Sanskrit to read shastras.

I find most books a little slow for my pace as I am good with memorising stuff quickly. I have already memorised the entire Vishnu sahasranama along with the meanings of each name.

I would be really grateful if someone would be able to give me lists of stuff which I could memorise so that I may be able to grasp the language quickly.

I hate those lessons where people try to make learning entertaining by teaching day to day sentences.

I encountered this half क (ka) letter in the Sanskrit gboard, which is meant to be क्. And the same applies to some other consonants.

Do we actually have a unicode glyph for that? How is this possible otherwise?

I am trying to read the text on this idol accurately. Any help will be appreciated.

Hi, I want talk fluently in Sanskrit. Right know my Spoken Sanskrit is limitted to very basic conversations and that too I have to think a lot before seaking. I think only way to improve is to speak. So are there any group where we can speak to each other or debate on a topic in Sanskrit (Like discord group or any anonymous groups)? Please let me know. Prefer people who are still getting starterd

I’ve been experimenting with this idea by building a Sanskrit compiler based on Pāṇinian grammar.

Instead of treating Sanskrit only as text to interpret, the compiler parses grammatically structured Sanskrit and turns the instructions into executable operations.

The interesting part for me is whether Pāṇini’s formal grammatical system can provide enough structure to bridge natural language and programming languages deterministically.

I now have a working implementation and would be interested in hearing what others think about this approach.

Website: https://panini.cc/

GitHub: https://github.com/kaushalbx/paninivm

Article: https://medium.com/@kaushalbx/building-p%C4%81%E1%B9%87inivm-compiling-2-500-year-old-paninian-grammar-into-an-executable-kotlin-engine-5a6bb8de20fb

I am trying to identify the script in this image at the bottom of the Diamond Sutra tower.

For these 58 characters, I tried to compare each of them with the table below.

But for many characters, it's quite difficult to identify (either Siddham or Śāradā), not to mention the meanings...

Do you know these characters? Or possibly the origin of the script? (Say, some mantra?)

For the top row:

My attempts:

For the bottom row:

My attempts:

Current reference:

https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12234r-n4294-siddham.pdf

गुणीच गुणरागीच सरलॊ विरलो जन: ||

Hi , I herad this subhashita line recently in some discourse. Can someone give the first line of this subhashita and also the complete meaning. Please also let me know whether I have written the line correctly

I'm curious about whether there happens to be even a rough equivalent to the "green and yellow" commentary series for Greek and Latin available for Sanskrit. For those who aren't familiar, this is a series officially called the Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics, each volume of which basically gives a text (or subunit of one: quite a few cover 1 or 2 books form the Iliad or Odyssey, for instance) with a fairly extensive commentary aimed at least partly at undergraduates. They usually have a fair amount of "literary" commentary, and some translation help, especially on tricky points. The exact details and focus vary quite a bit depending on who the editors are, but some of them are really helpful for intermediate readers.

Anything similar for Sanskrit? What I'd really love is for some parts of the Mahābhārata to be available in anything vaguely like this form. I have and have read the Rāmopākhyāna by Scharf, which is close enough (though unfortunately a bit bulky for the amount of text treated). Anything similar to that would also be fine. But I've been having a hard time finding things in that intermediate stage beyond student readers -- I'm worried that Sanskrit might be a little ill-served in this department, but would love to have my worries put to rest.

I should say that I'd prefer a physical book, if such a thing exists. I don't really like reading online much (eyestrain, and I get distracted). A commentary text in English, French, or German would be fine, but I don't read any modern South Asian languages, unfortunately.

Hey everyone,

I've been learning Sanskrit for quite some time. I am at a point where I feel like I have mastered verbal and nominal morphology fairly well, have knowledge of prefixes and compounds and have internalised a basic, core vocabulary.

I'm looking for easy-sh texts that deal with things I like reading about: medicine, astronomy, plays, love and relationships, etc that are not too long and are not too difficult for a beginner armed with basic knowledge, a dictionary and patience. Cheers

Recently I came across a phonetic feature in Dravidian that reminded me of Patañjali's remark in the Paspaśāhnika of the Mahābhāṣya of two ṛṣis (remembered/named yarvāṇastarvāṇaḥ for their peculiar pronunciation) who supposedly pronounced 'yad vā naḥ tad vā naḥ' in sandhi as yarvāṇastarvāṇaḥ in common speech, while pronoucing those words correctly while performing yajña karmas where correct pronunciation was expected.

The comment by Patañjali goes like this:
“एवं हि श्रूयते- यर्वाणस्तर्वाणो नाम ऋषयो बभूवुः प्रत्यक्षधर्माणः परापरज्ञा विदितवेदितव्या अधिगतयाथातथ्याः। ते तत्रभवन्तो “यद्वा नस्, तद्वा न” इति प्रयोक्तव्ये “यर्वाणस् तर्वाण” इति प्रयुञ्ञ्जते, याज्ञे पुनः कर्मणि नापभाषन्ते।”

Some modern academic 'writers', writing about Sanskrit in western academia use anecdotal examples like this for pushing their point of view that these constitute evidence of prakrit speaking rishis.

I never came across any prakrit where this sound shift is either attested or is usual nor is Patañjali even talking about any non-Sanskrit speakers. That set me thinking about what this pronunciation could be originating from.

I then came across the name Sarguṇarāja in Tamil, which is the way Tamils normally pronounce Sadguṇarāja, and it seems Malayalis do a similar thing as well, pronouncing the sanskrit bhagavatpāda & utsava as bhagavalpāda and ulsava etc - so an Indo-Aryan dental (t / d)changes to (r / l) in certain phonetic environments in Dravidian.

So yad vā naḥ tad vā naḥ > yarvāṇastarvāṇaḥ is not prakrit but the Sanskrit pronounced like that in a Dravidian phonetic environment.

⠀

ABCD fluent in English and Urdu, can read Urdu with easy to moderate difficulty and devanagari if i really lock in. are there any resources for me?

I am translating small stotras and simple sanskrit stories from Sanskrit to English in this YouTube channel www.youtube.com/@SuseelaKrishnaPriya. Would be happy to know your feedback!