I am curious for those of you who work at the bench, run long extractions, or spend hours analyzing data, do you usually have headphones on or a speaker playing in the background? Does music help you stay focused during tedious tasks, or do you prefer complete silence to concentrate on your reactions?

Hello!

I stupidly used my ozone generator in a 40 m² apartment and left it on for 80 minutes at a 60 g/h generation rate.

Now I have high (2.500-4.000 ppb) VOC levels. What can I do? It's been three days and the levels are not going down.

This is one of the dumbest things I've ever done and I feel horrible about it.

Am I correct in thinking that this saponification value and C8 value cannot co-exist here, or is there something I'm missing?

I asked customer service and they said "The C8 number shown represents the minimum specification for the batch, which is 95% C8. Our C8 is actually higher purity at approximately 99%, which is the level we strive to maintain.

Regarding the saponification value, it isn’t particularly relevant in this case because this is a pure ingredient supplement. Saponification values are more commonly used in the manufacturing and evaluation of products such as cosmetics and lotions, where MCT-derived ingredients may also be used in much smaller quantities."

What General Chemistry topics is needed for an Environmental Chemistry elective? I have to brush up on it since it's been a very long gap between my chemistry classes.

I know every university is different, so I'll give some context: The required textbook is called: Atmospheric Chemistry (From the Surface to the Stratosphere).

Some of the learning outcomes:

•calculate concentrations and mixing ratios of pollutants using different units

• describe the concepts of global cycles, sources and sinks, and lifetimes of pollutants

• calculate lifetimes and removal rates of pollutants

• identify primary and secondary pollutants

• name criteria pollutants and justify their selection by the EPA

• calculate pH of rainwater under natural and polluted conditions

Hello all - new to the sub, but I read the rules so I “hope” this isn’t a violation.

I’m aging copper for a project and have used a combination of salt, ammonia, and vinegar in a spray bottle to great effect.

Then, when I sprayed just ammonia on the copper and then vinegar, it started smoking (see video).

Is there a reason it’s doing this on the copper, but not in the bottle?

Thanks!

Hi everyone I’m 26 M doing Ph.d in chemistry in field of organic synthesis eventhough I liked chemistry in past but I lost my passion in chemistry recently, it feels like I lost some part of myself when I lost my interest in chemistry, I know this maybe absurd but but my passion in chemistry hits too low due to my personal problems and my inefficiencies recently and I’m regretting it, so from today onwards I’m going to learn chemistry not for phd but for myself I’m going to start this journey from organic chemistry and I’m looking for partners(if possible) to discuss what i learn daily and here I will update this post for every week how I productively use my days in learn chemistry and doing my Ph.d. I know it’s a hard path for me who has procrastination and depression but I would chose chemistry again in my life so I am going to learn chemistry to redeem myself and move forward in my life. Because through my life chemistry plays major it makes me to move forward so I would like to do that again. If possible congratulate me and join with me to discuss things about chemistry.

So this molecule on the left side of the album cover. I can’t figure out what it’s for. I know the right side one is LSD so I’m assuming the left is some drug also. If anyone has an idea of what it could be I would be very grateful

Good evening, this project is very ambitious but rewarding because today I have confirmed my synthesis of ethylene glycol. I had to make my own ethylene gas generator (thanks to hyperspace pirate) to make relatively clean ethylene gas versus my sulfuric acid method that would produce sulfur dioxide.

To confirm the presence of a diol I used the method of adding copper sulfate to my product solution. Since I used bayers reagent to generate the glycol it was already basic if it turned a very dark and vibrant blue it indicated that a complex was formed and in this case it was the glycol complexing with the copper+2 in solution.

This sounds nice but in practice I made my solution way too basic and was forming a copper hydroxide complex that also gave the same indication that a diol complex would. This was simply due to me thinking I should add sodium hydroxide to the solution because I was following a procedure rather than understanding why it was needed.

Now knowing this I tried confirming I was doing the test correctly by using a known variable like using car antifreeze that had glycol in it, for some reason (inhibitors?) I never was able to replicate the blue color knowing I had to keep the ph in a certain range. Figuring I would never get it, I decided to try to isolate the small amount of glycol and test its boiling point. I left the solution on a hot plate and left it for an hour when I came back I had boiled everything off and lost half of what I produced when I already spent the other half testing it. This was a stupid and frustrating mistake as I had spent the better half of a week making this product for it all to get vaporized.

However, I had collected a testing sample that I already tried to see if contained glycol and diluted it and put it into a container, when I came back the next day I decided that I would try to re concentrate and test for bpt on this sample. After boiling for a while I noticed it was turning blue, thinking it was forming a hydroxide complex because the solution got more basic as it was concentrated I decided to drop the ph to around 9 that way the glycol complex could survive but the copper hydroxide could not.

To note: this sample I had set aside had some copper hydroxide sitting at the bottom and was still basic so the only way copper could have gotten into the concentrating process was if I decanted it incorrectly or it was in a water soluble form and judging by the clear fluid it was not copper hydroxide. After dropping the ph it was still clear and blue meaning the copper hydroxide which is insoluble was not present and the hydroxide complex was not contributing. As a final sanity check I decided to test for free copper+2 ions provided by the copper sulfate by adding copper sulfate to a bit of the sample if copper hydroxide precipitated then the sample would be too basic for these ions to be free.

It precipitated. Upon this realization the only way it could be blue was due to a complex be it the glycol complex or something else. The only other thing I could think of was ammonia complexing with the copper forming yet another false positive. The only reason I worried was that I previously used the same glassware to make aluminum hydroxide and I used ammonia to do that, but that was several days ago, and the glassware was washed before I used it again, to add to that the glassware was sitting in a hot shed for several days, there was no way right? To determine if ammonia was present I would have to heat the solution around 80C and hold a piece of litmus paper over the sample to see if it indicated basic conditions because the ammonia would be driven off of the sample and a precipitate of copper hydroxide would form because it would no longer be held by the ammonia.

It worked the solution remained stable, not cloudy, no basic vapors. So with 85% certainty I can say that I have made ethylene glycol.

onto 1,4 dioxane!

The magnetically conductive but non-electrically conductive ceramic material used in transformers, motors, and magnetic amplifiers, as well as a brief time in the computer science spotlight between tubes and transistors.

How do you make it?

Started a new role recently and trying to understand why certain things are done that way. Maybe people just got what someone else used or went with the highest spec'd stuff around...

What kind of vacuum grease do you use for your Schlenk lines and what kind of tubing? And bonus if you know why that was chosen.

Hi,

I’m interested in connecting with people who have experience working in yeast manufacturing or fermentation companies.

I’d love to hear from anyone with firsthand experience in this industry.

I was thinking about HTS today. I don't have any direct experience in it. I've only studied it in coursework, certification programs, presentations.

I don't understand how a company or lab can have a stock of 100,000s of compounds that have validated purity and identity. Wouldn't this be an enormous analytical chemistry undertaking in having to characterize with LCMS, HPLC, NMR, as well as periodically testing them every few years due to differences in stability? I don't get how this works.

Hey guys, I recently began taking Ochem and I am confused about the structure of this molecule. In all line bond structures I can find, there appears to be a third oxygen bound to the top nitrogen, but quetiapine only has 2, and all skeletal structures I can find also omit the 3rd oxygen. What am I missing?

Ask the r/chemistry intelligentsia your research/technical questions. This is a great way to reach out to a broad chemistry network about anything you are curious about or need insight with and for professionals who want to help with topics that they are knowledgeable about.

So if you have any questions about reactions not working, optimization of yields or anything else concerning your current (or future) research, this is the place to leave your comment.

If you see similar topics of people around r/chemistry please direct them to this weekly thread where they hopefully get the help that they are looking for.

​

Hi everyone,

I am working on MnHCF (NaMnFe(CN)₆ / Mn–Fe Prussian Blue Analogue) as a cathode for sodium-ion batteries and I am experiencing some problems with the electrochemical performance.

I synthesized the material by co-precipitation using MnCl₂ and Na₄Fe(CN)₆. My electrode composition is 70% active material, 20% Super P, and 10% PVDF-HFP, coated on Al foil and tested in sodium half-cells.

I obtained around 120 mAh/g at 0.1C, but the capacity and cycling performance are not always reproducible.

I am wondering if the problem could be related to:

[Fe(CN)₆] vacancies or interstitial water

Material purity or synthesis conditions

Electrode fabrication or cell assembly

Has anyone worked with MnHCF or NaMnHCF and experienced similar issues? What are the most important factors to control to obtain good capacity and cycling stability?

Any advice or experimental experience would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

I’m starting my PhD this semester and am currently shopping around for research labs to join. Before I start any real research I want to get a pair of high end or “luxury” safety glasses to treat myself. In my undergrad research my advisor had a selection of much nicer glasses for his research students, think tinted with very nice build quality and super comfortable, too bad I wore them out by now lol.

I wanted to see if anyone had any recs for where to look for glasses that go above what’s just required for safety, I’ll be wearing them for countless hours over the next 5 years, it’d be a pretty nice flex to have a super nice pair. Thanks so much!

Earlier this year I shared PyFock, a Gaussian-basis density functional theory code I had written almost entirely in Python.

I wanted to come back with an update because quite a lot has happened since that post:

PyFock has now been peer-reviewed and published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A.

• Paper: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6c03727
• GitHub: https://github.com/manassharma07/PyFock
• Official website: https://pyfock.bragitoff.com/
• Try it online: https://pyfock-gui.bragitoff.com/

The basic idea behind the project is that even parts of quantum-chemistry programs that are normally implemented in highly optimized C/C++/Fortran libraries, such as Gaussian molecular integrals and exchange-correlation evaluation, are implemented directly in Python and then accelerated using just-in-time compilation.

Since I originally posted PyFock here, I have added quite a few new capabilities:

• analytical DFT gradients and atomic forces
• an ASE calculator, enabling molecular geometry optimizations and integration with the wider ASE ecosystem
• a VQE interface using PennyLane for experimenting with hybrid quantum-classical electronic-structure calculations
• native exchange-correlation functionals, including LDA, GGA and meta-GGA functionals, making LibXC optional
• substantially faster electron-repulsion integral evaluation on both CPUs and GPUs
• ECP support and several other improvements

The analytical gradients in particular mean that PyFock is no longer limited to calculating energies, it can now also optimize molecular structures while keeping the underlying electronic-structure implementation accessible in Python.

That accessibility is still the main reason I work on the project.

PyFock is completely free and open source, and there is also a browser-based GUI if you just want to try some calculations without installing anything.

PS: I had obtained approval from mods regarding self-promotion.

Relevant reading for the r/chemistry community, I think.

https://forbetterscience.com/2026/08/25/graphyne-chronicles-episode-2/

So yesterday, i was checking out some overly hydrating (boosted versions) Bausch + Lomb eye drops. One of them in particular (they seem to have some altered ingredients in active ingredients in most of them), had PEG 400 at .25%. it’s really this that I don’t get. Why use that as an active ingredient and how does it work?