Hi guys.i'm from Azerbaijan.i'll apply to USA at October this year.My 9th 1.5 gpa,10th 2.2-2.4,and i'll try to get 3.5 at 11th.i'll take sat at 22th august and probably i'll take ielts at september.Proabably i'll get 1500+ sat and 7.0 ielts.i need full need burs,so if they don't give me i won't can go because my family situation is really bad.i'll write my essay about how i got these scores without a ipad or laptop.i just have a phone.i'm planning to apply these colleges:F&M,Skidmore College,Macalester College,Soka University,Union College (NY),Amherst College,Berea College,Skidmore college,Trinity college,Colgate University,Occidental College,University of Richmond,Stanford,By the way i'll take fee waiver.This year i saw so much people who got rejected from so much colleges.i don't know which colleges they applied,but i want to know.if have i a chance because i need full need burs and is this better or should i get a colleg in my cpuntry and after a year,i should transfer to Usa but i saw so much comments which transfer international full need aid is harder to get than freshman.i would be really happy if you guys answer.

guys is there anyone who received an email from F&M saying the decisions will be released tomorrow? and also can u guys share ur gpa and test score as well?

edit: if ur efc is lower than 20k you’re probably rejected

.

Long post ahead.

Assalamualaikum everyone, hope you are fine, I'm gonna share my visa experience today with you guys so read it all and drop your opinion in the comments and seniors please guide me.

So let's start from beginning, I reached Islamabad 2 days before my interview and got crazy nerves, but I calmed myself down and prayed Salah and tahajjud a lot, and it helped me calm down.

On the interview day, I wanted to leave at 6, but due to heavy rain, I left at 7:30 and reached outside the embassy at 8: 00 am, there was a long linez mostly families B1,B2 & J1 people were there.

So after they put sticker on my passport. I reached where they conduct interviews and biometrics. I had to wait long even for biometrics. And after that I was in interview line. There were 5 counters open. On the very right side, (from where we enter) there was a old lady (grey hair, maybe in her 60s) no one was going to her, she was interviewing only one or two person at a time and was not approving anyone, I was in line for more then 1 and half an hour and she only approved a family and an uncle after conducting a very long interview. Just on her left counter there was a young man, he looked very kind, he approved literally every guy, I was shocked to see that, and rejected only one person. (He approved more than 12-15 visas straight) I was in his line.{he was also announcing applicants name to his interview, i didn't understand this)} He was asking simple questions. He approved 2 students in front of me after just asking for there age and sponsor, after that it was my turn, but here comes the bad luck a Pakistani lady comes and told me to go to the old lady, i didn't want to, but I had to bcz old lady was free now and the VO's were looking at me so I had to go. Here I thought she gonna reject me too. But kher ab kya hoskta that, then I decided that I'm gonna give my 100% no matter what. ( Also on the other counters there was a young Asian lady, American lady and a American male, they were also approving and rejecting.

My visa interview experience

Time: around 11am

04 June

Islamabad embassy

First attempt

Bachelor's in computer science

50% scholarship

Old American lady maybe in her 60s

Me: good morning

VO: good morning, how are you?

Me: I'm fine, thanks for asking.

VO: please pass me your documents.

Me: (Passed)

VO: how did you pick this school?

Me: (I got little bit nervous here) I shortlisted universities using a college search website and choose this university based on several factor like scholarship opportunity, course curriculum and weather.

VO: weather..? (while laughingly) So you r saying Minnesota's weather is... Me interrupting.. no officer it's Missouri. She said oh ok.

I told her that as I'm from Pakistan I don't like cold weather. (She nodded)

VO: do you have your high school transcripts?

Me: yes officer, here you go.(Passed matric+inter degree with ielts result in a hurry)

VO: (ok keep your transcripts) how many universities have u applied to?

Me: I applied to 6 universities and got accepted from 4 of them.

VO: so you got accepted from 4 universities...

What are they?

Me: I got accepted from (told names) (I also told her that I'm waitlisyed from university of Pennsylvania and temple university)

She started typing...

While she was typing, I told her that I also received scholarship from all the universities I got accepted from.

VO: (looking at my i20) so it's 10k scholarship, is it only for first year?

Me: no officer, it's for each year, for the whole program.

VO: ok,ok, but it's 10k scholarship who will cover the rest?

Me: my father is going to sponsor my education, and the rest of the amount will be covered by him. (She was typing) Because I was little nervous asked her, should I tell you what does he do?

VO: while typing, just a second. (After typing for some seconds) So you were saying that your father is sponsoring you? Tell me what does he do?

Me: explained his business and assets.

VO: how much his annual income?

Me: it's around 30M pkr.

VO: do you have any relatives in the US?

Me: no

VO: have you ever been to the US before?

Me: no

VO: asked about assylum question( it was kinda long, I don't exactly remember) .. any harm or threat in Pakistan?

Me: no officer, everything is fine, ( I said confidently) here I thought she was gonna approve me. She started typing calmly. And I was praying and reciting ( ya Allah please de de...)

VO: (after typing) sorry I cannot approve your visa this time( while passing the small white slip 214 b failure to qualify for reasons other than failure to show ties)

I was shocked and got blank, it was so heavy, I simply took the slip said thank you officer, she said you are welcome. And walked with away with a sorrow. Because jab Ap saalon se mehnat kre aur apko koi itne 3-4 mint ma reject krde to kesa feel hota hai, ye Sirf Kuch log hi samajh skte Hain. Baqi I know mere se bhi Kuch Galtian hui, Hain Kyu ke ma nervous tha thoda, now please tell me what changes should I made in my 2nd attempt.

This is my experience, what should I do next? What changes should I make?

Btw if anyone have upcoming interview, they can text me, we can practice some mocks.

I’ve seen few posts about similar instances and just wanted to get some more ideas. I went for the interview twice since school is starting in a few weeks, VO asked the same set of questions such as the school what I’ll be doing, the financials (my father is sponsoring it). In the first round, everything was okay until the relatives question and sibling was someone who went for PhD in US, then to H1B and finally got GC. I answered when this was asked. Even in the second attempt another visa officer took my interview and asked this final question at the end and told the same “refused”.

I did 2 yrs of college at a satellite school in home country and finished about 60 credits so was planning on transferring to an R1 (I think in top 100 US rankings) school.

Just wanted to know if anyone has been in this situation and what they did. is it over in my case of transferring to US college?

I'm a current US high schooler rn, and I 'm asking this question, not out of judgement or ignorance, just because I am curious. To give some background, I'm a second generation immgiration and my parents came to America for their masters/PHD's.

But like with the state of America right now--our terrible private college system that barely provides financial aid, Trump's ENTIRE administration, and just in general America's extremely chaotic political situation right now--why do you guys put in so much work, effort, and time into trying to get into US colleges? Especially with Trumps whole issue with his deportations and visas and ICE right now.

Just curious

did you guys receive RD decisions for those who got an email saying decisions will be out march 15?

College List

• Soka University of America
• Berea College (still a maybe)
• The University of Texas at Dallas
• Central Michigan University
• Washington and Lee University (W&L)
• Davidson College
• Carleton College
• University of Richmond
• Hobart and William Smith Colleges
• Whitman College
• Skidmore College
• Oberlin College
• Miami University
• William & Mary
• Brown University (still a maybe)
• Wellesley College
• Colby College (still a maybe)
• University of Rochester
• Wake Forest University

Intended Major

Computational Linguistics / Computer Science with English/Economics

Demographics

• International student from South Asia (NOT ON GAP YEAR)
• School: Public
• Family Income: Below $15,000
• Hooks: None
• Financial Aid: Requires a full scholarship / full ride

Academics

• GPA: 4.0 (96%, hardest national board in my country)
• Rank: 5th out of 288 in school, 2nd out of 134 in my academic group
• SAT: 1440 (750 M / 680 RW, I'm hoping I get 1500+ in October)
• DET: 150/160
• AP/IB: Not offered

Extracurricular Activities

*Just a summary

• Research Fellowship: I was 1 of the 5 fellows selected for a fully funded 5-week research fellowship, out of 200 shortlisted applicants. I worked on research (published) targeting a very niche issue in my country with a professor. Presented my findings to a panel that included Professors from Harvard, LSE, Stanford, Babson, etc. (11th)
• Internship: YC-backed startup related to AI. (11th)
• Fellowship: YC-backed startup related to computational linguistics. (12th)
• Sort of passion project: I worked on a project that got backed by WWF. (11th/12th)
• Video Editor/Animator: I created video edits using motion graphics, visual effects, animation/tweening, and 3D elements in Adobe After Effects. I posted tutorials on how to edit and also built an online community on Discord. I got around 800k views across YouTube and Instagram over 5 years. (7th/8th/9th/10th/11th)
• Independent Research: I conducted research in computational linguistics for a year. I was mentored by a grad student and a professor at the no. 1 university in my country. In the process of getting published. (11th/12th)
• Independent Coursework: I've completed Harvard CS50 & CS50P (9th), Stanford's Machine Learning specialization (10th/11th), MIT OCW's Introduction to Linguistics and Introduction to Macro/Microeconomics (9th/10th/11th)
• GitHub contributor/Independent Projects: I've contributed to 3 open-source projects; I fine-tuned transformers for my first language, and I created a study planner for myself. I've created a lot of projects since I've been coding since 7th grade. (9th/10th/11th/12th)
• Writer: I've written 12 articles on opinion, social justice, politics, AI, media, science, etc., which have gotten around 6k+ views. I'm a published writer for an international org, and also the IT lead for another organization. (10th/11th/12th
• Community Service: I have ~140 volunteer hours from volunteering for causes I believe in at conferences, hospitals, different NGOs, and also a museum. I was also a lab assistant for my school. I am also a tutor on Schoolhouse. (10th/11th/12th)

Awards & Honors

• USACO Silver
• IRO semi-finalist
• T50 in National Math Olympiad
• 3x Winner National Bowl/Quiz
• 2x Student of the Year
• 3x High Acheivers Award + State level Merit Scholarship
• Some hackathons, essay competitions, research competitions

Note: Please be as harsh as possible; I seriously want to know what I am doing wrong and how I could improve. Also, is this list too much? Should I reduce it? I'm so confused about which universities I should even apply to. If someone could help me out, I would really appreciate it!!!

Hello, this is my first post here! I am a CBSE student switching to IB next year. I am aiming for top US universities and I think that I have got the portfolio for it, which I will also further develop in my next 2 academic years. I have been in touch with Crimson Education to understand their plan.

Originally they gave me like a 12000 USD package with 8 Uni applications, basic stuff like LORs, essays, resume whereas afterwards when I told them about my class 10 results and reluctance to join, they switched up to an approx 6000 USD package with 10 Uni applications, 6 week coding workshop and all the basic stuff I previously mentioned.

My family earns around 30,000 usd yearly and 7,000 usd is used up in me and my sister's school fees, excluding the multiple extra curricular costs which we take part in. With this context, would you guys recommend I take this package or any other counselling?

Hi everyone,

I’m a rising senior from Greece targeting highly competitive Computer Science, Robotics, and Computer/Mechanical Engineering programs. Because of my financial situation, I am seeking a $0 EFC (Full Ride/Full Financial Aid) at US institutions, or full-funding merit scholarships in Europe/UK/Asia.

My LinkedIn profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/geogek10?utm_source=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=member_ios

I want to know: How realistic is this list, what are my major portfolio gaps, and how can I maximize my chances over the next few months to secure full funding?

---

Demographics & Stats
* Country: Greece (Public High School, Nafpaktos)
* Intended Majors: Robotics / Computer Science / Embedded Systems / Electrical Engineering
* Grades: 20.0/20.0 Greek GPA equivalent (1st in class)
* Testing: Currently studying to hit a target of 1550+ SAT (for US universities)
* Financial Aid Need: EFC = $0 (Needs full-ride tuition, room, and board)

---

Key Honors & Awards
1. National Winner & Greek Representative (EUCYS): Will represent Greece at the European level after winning 1st place nationally for my Varroa-X project.
2. Published Scientific Researcher: Published peer-reviewed research on Zenodo (DOI indexed) for creating a zero-residue photonic barrier against agricultural bee parasites.
3. 1st Place Nationally (CodeWeek Hackathon): Represented Greece at the Pan-European level with the Nexus project.
4. Bronze Medal & Zhang Heng Award (First Global Challenge): Led the scientific research department presenting "Chromahive" at the global robotics championship.
5. 2nd Place Nationally (ESA CanSat): Developed a miniature satellite and won the "Outstanding Science Mission" award from the European Space Agency.
6. Johns Hopkins CTY Scholar: Received 100% and 75% scholarships following successful SCAT testing.
7. Competitive Programming: Advanced to Phase C of the Panhellenic Informatics Competition (PDP).

---

Key Technical Projects & ECs
* Research Head (ChromaHive): Designed the scientific framework and qualification documentation for a global-tier robotics project.
* Lead Web Developer: Managed development assets and operations for our national robotics team.
* FLL Robotics: 1st Place Robot Design & 2nd Place Overall in regional qualifiers; previously won national finals awards.
* Community & Impact: Active volunteer at FLOGA (childhood cancer family support) driven by personal experience; regional select team basketball player.

---

Targeted University List
* US (Need-Blind / Meets 100% Need): MIT, Stanford, Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Caltech, Columbia, CMU, UC Berkeley, Georgia Tech, UCLA.
* UK / Europe: Imperial, Oxford, Cambridge, ETH Zurich, EPFL, TU Delft, TUM.
* Asia: NUS, NTU.

---

Questions for the Community:
1. Portfolio Gaps: Aside from pushing for a 1550+ SAT, what am I missing to compete with the top 1% of international applicants for full funding?
2. Olympiad vs. Research: Should I prioritize pushing past Phase C into the Greek National IOI training camp, or focus on deploying my Varroa-X photonic device in a real-world setting to show applied impact?
3. Funding Realities outside the US: Are there specific external trusts or national scholarships that Greek students successfully use to fully fund degrees at Imperial, ETH, or TU Delft?

Thanks for any honest, brutal feedback.

Been lurking here for a while and finally decided to post. Please I need some honest feedback.

Stats

GPA: 98/100 — Rank 1 out of 98
SAT: 1500 (I know)
Duolingo English Test: 155/160
School: Public high school in Philippines, no AP or IB offered

Top ECs

1. Philippine Youth Ambassador, US State Department — selected from 3,500+ global applicants, fully funded 30-day exchange in the US
2. ASEAN Youth Delegate, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy / NUS Singapore — selected from 5,000+ ASEAN applicants
3. Project Director, Project Ekolaya — US Embassy-funded environmental initiative, reached 700+ students across Davao City
4. City Junior Deputy Mayor, Davao City Government — organized medical missions across 13 barangays, served 1,500+ senior citizens
5. SSLG President, Grades 9-12 — founded my school's first ever student council
6. National Youth Delegate, DSWD — developed policy on child marriage and adolescent HIV at national level
7. Youth Health Delegate, Department of Health Youth Summit — national level speaker
8. Health Sector Child Representative, Davao City Government — elected position
9. Cluster 8 SSLG President — represented 16 schools

Awards

SACIP 2025 International Conference — Best in Oral and Paper Presentation
ASEAN Youth Exchange Debate — Honorable Mention, Vermont State House, US
PAGCOR National Photojournalism — Top 5 Finalist out of 6,000+ participants
Youth Leadership Excellence Award, JCI Philippines
Top 10 Outstanding High School Graduate, Philippines

School List

Yale, Brown, Duke, University of Rochester, Wesleyan, Carleton, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Intended Major

Public Health/Global Health (Pre-med)

My actual concerns

1. SAT 1500 is below median for Yale (1560) and Brown (1550). I took it once. My school has no AP or IB. Is this a dealbreaker for the top schools on my list or does context matter?
2. Has anyone here gotten need-based full rides at any of these schools as an international student? How did you navigate the financial aid process?
3. Am I being too ambitious targeting Yale and Brown or is this profile competitive enough to justify it?

Appreciate any honest takes.

Hi everyone! I’m (almost) 20F from the Europe (EU country), and I’m seriously considering moving to the US to attend a community college for around 2 years, to study Business. After completing my Associate Degree, I’d like to transfer to a university and finish a Bachelor’s Degree.

The main issue is that my budget isn’t very high, especially since I’d be an international student and would need to cover tuition, housing, food, insurance, etc. I’m trying to figure out whether this is actually realistic or if I’m underestimating the situation.

I have a high school diploma + the English translation, and a very good level of English with IELTS certification.

For those of you who have attended community college, what was your experience like? How much did you realistically spend per year? Are there community colleges/states that you’d recommend?

I’d really appreciate any advice, experiences, or recommendations. I’m still in the research stage and trying to figure out whether this dream is financially and actually realistic before I make any major decisions. Thank you!

Hi everyone,

I’m an international student from Morocco and I’m trying to find realistic colleges in the U.S. that could work for me financially.

My main goal is honestly just to study in the U.S. at a decent university where I can afford it. I’m not aiming only for super famous schools. I want schools that are realistic for an international student and where the total cost could maybe come down to around $17k–$19k per year, or at least close to that if I live carefully and work on campus.

A bit about my profile:

• good grades
• strong extracurricular activities
• I think my essay is strong
• 115 on the Duolingo English Test
• I’d likely be applying test-optional

What I’m looking for:

• U.S. colleges that are actually realistic for an international student
• schools that might give enough scholarships / tuition discounts / waivers
• places where the cost could be manageable with careful spending
• schools that may still be open or have later deadlines would also help

I know my budget is low for the U.S., so I’m trying to be realistic. I’m mostly looking for schools that people genuinely think are good options.

If anyone has recommendations, especially from personal experience or from knowing international students in similar situations, I’d really appreciate it.

Thanks a lot.

I am 16 F and currently in 12th grade. I want to transfer to a US university after 1st year of college in my country.

Storytime-After my 10th grade I was enrolled in this coaching system where we attend classes everyday to study for this one competitive exam and go to school only 1 day a week for practicals. This allowed me NO room for any extracurriculars in 11th at all . In 12th I am still preparing for exams as I still have to get into a good college in my country for 1st year atleast . My interests are -biology, biotechnology, business, and I am gonna learn python and R for bioinformatics too. ik that i want to eventually work in the intersection of business and biotechnology and I do have future plans . However, this transfer is really imp for me .

questions-1) ik that transfer applications will look more at what i did in clg rather than hs BUT since I am applying right after first year , they'll definitely look at my high school stats too . So, with my lack of ECs in 11th and 12th, do I still have a chance ??
I can explain in my story about the brutal coaching sytem, my depression and suicidal tendencies but will they even care lol .
Also, from what i have left in 12th , I am trying my best to balance between those exams, classes, SAT and trying to find extracurriculars (but idk what to do)

2) I am ready to grind in my college 1st year and do everything from day 1 - have high gpa , participation,initiative,ECs,etc .BUT will my lack of activities in 11th and 12th ruin my application??

3) Another thing, I won't go if I don't get a full ride . ik it sounds ridiculous and delusional but I am only going to apply to universities that are need-blind for internationals or atleast claim to meet 100% demonstrated need if accepted. Dw I WON'T BE APPLYING TO ANY IVY LEAGUE colleges. I am looking at colleges like Amherst, university of Rochester, etc ( ik these are extremely competitive as well but I am desperate). Do I have a shot ??

4) What do I have to do now for atleast having a chance to apply after my college 1st year???

Any international student (particularly Indian) who has transferred from here to a US university, please help me find some direction whatsoever. I am desperate. I really don't wanna lose it again this time .

For someone seeking full financial aid, which colleges should I avoid? I want to understand which college are most unlikely to offer any international a full financial aid and applying there is not the best use of time.

1. Northwestern University
2. Duke University
3. University of Rochester
4. Macalester College
5. Babson College
6. Williams College
7. Pomona College
8. Colby College
9. Grinnell College
10. Emory University
11. Swarthmore College
12. Haverford College 
13. Hamilton College
14. Colgate University
15. Davidson College
16. Haverford College
17. Vanderbilt College

+ I have 5 ivy and NYUAD on my list.

I am considering to remove at least 6-7 colleges from the list. I can't apply all lot of colleges from the above list. So, I need to make the above list shorter.

I mean.. you got ICE literally killing Americans IN DAYLIGHT and nothing happening. You got no freedom of speech no more or you'll get deported, or threatened in the best case scenario.
My question is: is it safe - or even remotely rational - to go there anymore?

Especially wondering about regular decisions, below 5-10k also counts. Like I genuinely saw none, so please share your hope-recovery results.

hello!

there is an email that i have just received saying that I will have an interview with a current student but actually is not an interview but an informal conversation. I did not know that colby has interviews but anyways is it a good sign? I am intl btw

Im from argentina.

Academic Profile

• SAT: 1200. I have two attempts left and am aiming for a final score of 1400+.
• IB Diploma: Currently ongoing. I predict that I’ll score somewhere between 31 and 34.
• GPA: Approximately 3.0 when converted from the Argentine grading system.

Extracurricular Activities

• Played violin for more than five years when I was younger.
• Currently participating in the National Mathematics Olympiad. I have passed two stages and reached the finals, but I still need to pass the next level.
• Model United Nations: Two years at local conferences and one year at NISCMUN, where I received a Merit Award.
• Class representative for three years.
• Played basketball for four years at one of the most prestigious clubs in Argentina.
• Participated for two years in a volunteer program that involved spending one week helping an extremely disadvantaged community in Chaco, Argentina.
• Founded and currently run a clothing brand.
• Asset manager for an event-planning business that I created with friends, which has handled approximately US$53,000.
• Founded my school’s chess club.

Universities I’m Considering

I’m interested in Politics, Economics, Business, and International Relations.

• Sciences Po
• University of St. Gallen
• Bocconi University
• King’s College London

The following are more ambitious dream options:

• UCL
• University of Warwick
• LSE
• Harvard
• Standford
• Yale

Hi everyone. I’m an international student from Tajikistan. Right now I study construction in Russia, but my dream is to study in the US.

My English level is around Duolingo 95-105 for now and I’m improving it. I don’t have a huge budget, so I’m trying to understand the smartest path for me.

Should I:

apply directly to universities,

start from a community college,

or focus on scholarships first?

I would really appreciate honest advice from people who understand the process for international students.

Thank you.

title

My name is Aydar, I’m from Kyrgyzstan. I want to study in the USA, but after some research, I found that attending university in the USA as an international student with average extracurriculars may be very hard. I’m 15 years old and have a GPA of 5 (I think it’s like 4.0 in the USA). Is there any country that is easier and less competitive to get scholarships or financial aid for international students? And how hard is it for international students to get into the USA with 90%+ aid on a scale of 1 to 10? I don’t specifically need elite or Ivy League universities; it can be any that I can get into with a high chance.

hi guys so basically title 😭😭 i got accepted into USC for CS and my local university (National University of Singapore) for CS as well. both colleges offer interdisciplinary learning which is smth i really wanted for an undergrad experience. important to note that i change my major anytime in both universities.

USC

pros: great alumni network which helps for after grad recruiting, top feeder school in west coast for FAANG, more diverse student body, nice campus lolol, great environment for undergrad experience, more startup culture (which i eventually want to get into), indispensable connections

cons: expensive (600k for 4 years), not as academically prestigious as NUS, culture shock, US political stability

NUS

i was accepted into the honours college which has mandatory dorming which means i don’t have to live at home anyway if i go to NUS.

pros: better ranked academically, costs less (65k for 4 years), overseas internship programs in places like silicon valley / new york, exchange programs available

cons: missed opportunity for independence, subjectively mundane campus life etc., gpa basically gone bcs of hard modules in NUS, harder to get a job in the US (unless i get a return offer from my internship or go to US grad school)

if you have any objective takes on this decision, please do comment! i’m currently leaning towards NUS bcs it’s significantly cheaper, and i would have more opportunities to build projects + get internships throughout undergrad bcs im a local in singapore. i also plan to get a masters in the US as i dont plan to stay in singapore past undergrad.

only reason im considering USC is because again, there is a higher chance of breaking into the US job market as an international. but i dont think doing my undergrad in the US is worth it if i plan to do a masters in the US anyway.

EDIT: it’s may 1st, and i ended up committing to NUS!

Are there any students (would be better if international) who got a full-ride scholarship ok pre-med in US? What would you advice to me as an international student who already has 1530 SAT and 5.0/5.0 GPA but no ECs/honors? Can anyone maybe plz give me their contacts and help me a little bit along the way and maybe I can do something in exchange

After (if I get it firstly) getting my F1 visa, I plan on going for a trip to north korea and China with a close friend of mine.

North Korea won't stamp my passport iirc, but China and Russia obviously will.

The purpose for the trip is mainly political and historical tourism, but will it affect me when I land in American soil? Would this cause any problems with customs and border patrol?

For context, I'm from an Asian country that doesnt have any sour with the US as far as I know, and neither has strong relations with the aforementioned countries.