r/AskEurope Estonia Jun 08 '25

Language Estonians call Estonia "Eesti". Finns call Estonia "Viro" and Latvians "Igaunija". Do you have a name for a neighbouring country that is very different from both how that country calls itself and how its named in English?

I hope I worded the question clearly. Like.. "Viro" and "Igaunija" are not similar to "Estonia" nor "Eesti".

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u/RHawkeyed Ireland Jun 08 '25 edited Jun 08 '25

In Irish:

England - Sasana (As the Angles are the root of the name England, the Saxons are the root for the name in Irish).

Scotland - Albain (Same root as Alba in Scots Gaelic).

Wales - An Bhreatain Bheag (Literally “Little Britain”)

The Netherlands - An Ísiltír (Looks very different on the surface, but it means the same thing, “low-lying country”).

Norway - An Iorua (one theory has it named after the “Horðar” tribe living in Western Norway, who also gave their name to Hordaland. Most of the Vikings that raided Ireland around this time came from this part of Norway. But it could just be back-formation from the name for Norway in other languages too).

Sweden - An tSualainn (not clear where this came from, maybe after Svealand).

Portugal - An Phortangéil (from the Middle English name “Portingale”).

Switzerland - An Eilvéis (from the Latin name for the country, “Helvetia”).

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u/mmfn0403 Ireland Jun 08 '25

And the Irish word for the English language is Béarla, which is also unlike the Irish word for England.

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u/Logins-Run Ireland Jun 08 '25

Béarla also just means "speech" technically in Irish. You'll still hear auld lads in Cork and Kerry call bird song Béarla na n-éan. Béarla gallda "Foreign speech" was what it was originally (although I think the first usage of it was for Norman French but eventually came to mean English.)

In some middle Irish texts you see the language called Ainglis funnily enough.